老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新概念：廢舊輪胎制透水混凝土（中英文）

　　用廢舊輪胎制成透水混凝土，可讓水通過。

　　紐約希墾納特迪市的Ashraf Ghaly 教授在高校聯(lián)盟實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，他把一大塊實(shí)驗(yàn)用混凝土放在一個(gè)盆上面，他的學(xué)生Andrew Heiser 從幾英尺高處向下倒水，然后兩個(gè)研究者欣喜的看到：樣品就象篩子一樣開始漏水。

　　Ghaly 和 Heiser 正在做一個(gè)發(fā)展一種理想的透水混凝土的課題，而這種混凝土是用回收再利用的輪胎橡膠為主要成分。

　　透水混凝土是多孔的、用來減少復(fù)雜的排水系統(tǒng)和確保拓寬路面不會(huì)干擾地下水供應(yīng)。Ghaly解釋說“傳統(tǒng)的混凝土是防滲的，經(jīng)常需要用斜坡和排水系統(tǒng)來防止雨水和融化后的雪水積累在表面上，但是用透水混凝土做普通路面材料，所有的雨水都可以通過路面滲透到地下含水層?！盙haly和Heiser實(shí)驗(yàn)了用不同比例的砂礫石和橡膠成分的組合，觀察水的滲透速度和樣本塊的強(qiáng)度。Ghaly.說“這種平衡很微妙，因?yàn)槿绻阆Ｍ麖?qiáng)度大，就要減少孔；如果你希望排水性好，就需要更多的空，而這又會(huì)減少強(qiáng)度。

 

　　本月，Ghaly和Heiser將他們的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)移到戶外，在Memorial Fieldhouse 聯(lián)盟附近的一個(gè)人行道上安裝了一個(gè)15英尺長的測試點(diǎn)。三種不同配合比的混凝土一起鋪在碎石基層上。每5英尺鋪設(shè)的混凝土橡膠取代砂的比例都不同。有了戶外的樣本，他們就可以更好的演示這種混凝土在現(xiàn)實(shí)中是怎樣的工作原理，包括寒冷的冬天和炎熱的夏天的情況。

　　Heiser 說他很樂意幫助Ghaly研究，因?yàn)槠谕@個(gè)研究可以增強(qiáng)環(huán)境友好型建筑的設(shè)計(jì)。他說：“透水混凝土已經(jīng)具有了一系列的環(huán)保效益，而廢舊輪胎回收作為組成成分更增添了綠色成分。最主要的是加入了橡膠?，F(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都越來越關(guān)注環(huán)保，而這是一個(gè)能創(chuàng)造一種新的環(huán)保方法的機(jī)會(huì)?！?BR>
　　美國每年產(chǎn)生數(shù)千萬噸的廢舊輪胎，切碎橡膠并使用它們生產(chǎn)混凝土可以避免用有污染的方法來處理廢舊輪胎，如焚燒會(huì)污染空氣、堆放會(huì)孳生蚊蟲。同時(shí)，研究人員說，橡膠有助于改善透水混凝土的功能，使它更有彈性，減少凍結(jié)和凍融循環(huán)造成的惡化。

　　Ghaly指出，混凝土的孔隙使自然滋生的微有機(jī)體得以生長，這將有助于水通過混凝土?xí)r的過濾和凈化。

　　Heiser 表示，透水混凝土還有助干屏蔽夏天拓寬的路面散發(fā)的額外熱量——即“熱島效應(yīng)”，可以使城市居民關(guān)掉冷氣機(jī)，節(jié)省能源。

　　Ghaly 原來的專業(yè)是土木工程，他說他在大約10年前對環(huán)境相關(guān)的研究產(chǎn)生了興趣。他作為學(xué)院聯(lián)盟的一員15年，兩年前做富布萊特學(xué)者時(shí)，開始用回收材料來進(jìn)行他的興趣研究，為他的母語國家——埃及，發(fā)展新的建筑材料。

 

　　Heiser，來自威徹斯特縣，在去年的研討會(huì)上介紹了該橡膠混凝土項(xiàng)目，并期待著與Ghaly進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。他也是該項(xiàng)目的主要推動(dòng)者。他向?qū)W院的設(shè)施工作人員提出了在人行道實(shí)驗(yàn)的想法，現(xiàn)在他將推廣這種新混凝土的使用和用途。他說“希望我們可以讓學(xué)?？吹竭@是一條非常環(huán)保的人行道。希望這僅是透水橡膠混凝土的開始”

　　"Pervious" concrete, made with recycled tires, lets water pass through
 
　　(SCHENECTADY, New York) -- Professor Ashraf Ghaly held a chunk of experimental concrete over a pan in his Union College lab while student Andrew Heiser poured out a stream of water from a few inches above.
 
　　The sample leaked like a sieve.  The two researchers couldn't have been more pleased.

　　Ghaly and Heiser are on a mission to develop an ideal version of "pervious" concrete that includes recycled tire rubber as one of its main ingredients.

　　Pervious concrete is designed to be porous, reducing the need for complicated drainage systems and helping to ensure that expanses of the pavement won't interfere with supplies to the groundwater below.

　　"Traditional concrete is impervious," often requiring slopes and drainage systems to prevent water from rain and snow melt from accumulating on the surface, Ghaly explained. But with pervious versions of the common paving material, "all the rain can percolate through the surface, charging the underground aquifer."

　　Ghaly and Heiser have experimented with various proportions of sand, gravel and rubber content in the lab, observing how quickly the water passes through and how well sample chunks hold up when extreme pressure is applied.

　　"It's a delicate balancing act, because if you want to have more strength, it needs to be less porous. When it is more porous, there is less strength," said Ghaly.

　　This month, the professor and student moved some of their experimental work outdoors, installing a 15-foot-long test sidewalk near Union's Memorial Fieldhouse. It has three versions of the concrete mix on a crushed stone base.

　　Each 5-foot section includes a different amount of pulverized rubber replacing sand in the mix.

　　With the outdoor samples, they'll be able to better demonstrate how the concrete performs under real-world conditions, including chilly upstate winters and hot summer days.

　　Heiser said he was enthused about helping with Ghaly's research because of the prospects for enhancing environmentally friendly construction designs. Pervious concrete already offers a number of environmental benefits, he said, and using recycled tire waste as one of the ingredients adds a bit of green gravy to the recipe.

　　"The big thing is adding rubber," he said. "Everyone is getting on the green bandwagon right now. This is a chance to help do something that's not already out there."

　　With tens of millions of tires being discarded by U.S. drivers each year, shredding that rubber and using it in concrete helps keep old tires away from harmful disposal methods like burning, which pollutes the air, and tire dumps, which can become prime breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

　　Meanwhile, the rubber contributes features that improve pervious concrete, the researchers said, making it more flexible and less vulnerable to deterioration during freeze-and-thaw cycles.

　　The porousness of the concrete allows for the growth of naturally occurring micro-organism, as well, which contributes to its ability to filter and purify the water flowing through, Ghaly noted.

　　Pervious concrete also can help stem the extra warmth given off by expanses of pavement on hot days -- known as the "heat island effect," -- which should enable city dwellers to turn down their air conditioners and save energy, Heiser said.

　　Ghaly's original field of training is in civil engineering, and he said he developed an interest in environmentally related research about 10 years ago.

　　A faculty member at Union for 15 years, he carried his interest in using recycled material to develop new construction materials to his native country, Egypt, as a Fulbright Scholar two years ago.

　　Heiser, who is from Westchester County, made three presentations on the rubberized concrete project at symposiums last year and is looking forward to further research with Ghaly during his upcoming senior year at Union.

　　He is also the project's chief promoter.

　　He pitched the idea of the experimental sidewalk to the college facilities staff, and now he'll be pushing for more extensive use of the new concrete.

　　"Hopefully, we can show the school that it's a very environmentally friendly sidewalk," he said. "I'm hopeful that this will be just a start for pervious rubberized concrete."